2-Acetyl-5-methylthiophene is a volatile organic compound formed during the reaction between L-cysteine and dihydroxyacetone in glycerine or triglyceride solvent system. It can be prepared by reacting 2-methylthiophene with acetic anhydride. 2-Acetyl-5-methylthiophene undergoes palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with aryl bromides to form C-4 arylated product. It reacts with 1,2-bis(5-formyl-2-methylthiophen-3-yl)cyclopentene via Aldol condensation to form a chalcone with photochromic property. The standard molar enthalpies of combustion, formation and vaporization of 2-acetyl-5-methylthiophene are 4341. 9 ± 1. 8kJ/mol, 158. 0 ± 2. 1kJ/mol and 62. 0 ± 2. 6kJ/mol, respectively.