β-Amyloid (1-42), human is a peptide fragment composed of 42 amino acids, derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), and plays a crucial role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It self-aggregates into oligomers and fibrils, with the oligomeric form being the most neurotoxic. These aggregates form amyloid plaques, a characteristic feature of AD, which interfere with cellular functions, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, and lead to neuronal cell death through oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and inflammation.