Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ampicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results […]

Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic, beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Ampicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results […]

Ampicillin is an antibiotic used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis.

Androstanediones are a pair of isomeric steroids which differ at the 5-position. They are distinguished as 5α-androstanedione and 5β-androstanedione. In humans, 5α-androstanedione is a metabolic precursor of both testosterone and estrone.

In addition to its role as a precursor to testosterone in the body, androstenedione has androgenic properties in its own right, acting as a weak partial agonist of the androgen receptor. However, in the presence of full agonists like testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (DHT), due to its lower intrinsic activity in comparison, it has antagonistic properties, […]

Antipyrine is an antipyretic agent used for the symptomatic treatment of acute otitis media, most commonly in combination with benzocaine

Antipyrine is an antipyretic agent used for the symptomatic treatment of acute otitis media, most commonly in combination with benzocaine

Nitrofurans have been widely used in veterinary practice as antibacterial agents in the treatment of pigs, poultry, fish and shrimp. Bans on nitrofurans were introduced within the EU primarily because of concerns about their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Several other non-European countries have also banned all uses of nitrofurans in food producing animals. Tissue residue of […]

Aminoglycosides are a family of bactericidal antibiotics that are used in the treatment of specific bacterial infections. They display a concentration dependent killing action and are active against a wide range of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Aminoglycosides are molecules that are comprised of an amino group and a sugar group. They operate by inhibiting the bacteria […]

Aminoglycosides are a family of bactericidal antibiotics that are used in the treatment of specific bacterial infections. They display a concentration dependent killing action and are active against a wide range of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Aminoglycosides are molecules that are comprised of an amino group and a sugar group. They operate by inhibiting the bacteria […]

Aminoglycosides are a family of bactericidal antibiotics that are used in the treatment of specific bacterial infections. They display a concentration dependent killing action and are active against a wide range of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Aminoglycosides are molecules that are comprised of an amino group and a sugar group. They operate by inhibiting the bacteria […]

Aminoglycosides are a family of bactericidal antibiotics that are used in the treatment of specific bacterial infections. They display a concentration dependent killing action and are active against a wide range of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Aminoglycosides are molecules that are comprised of an amino group and a sugar group.

Aristolochic acids are a family of carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic phytochemicals commonly found in the flowering plant family Aristolochiaceae (birthworts). Aristolochic acid (AA) I is the most abundant one. The family Aristolochiaceae includes the genera Aristolochia and Asarum (wild ginger), which are commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine.

Articaine is a dental local anesthetic. Articaine is widely used around the world and is the most popular local anesthetic in many European countries.

Articaine is a dental local anesthetic. Articaine is widely used around the world and is the most popular local anesthetic in many European countries.

Articaine is a dental local anesthetic. Articaine is widely used around the world and is the most popular local anesthetic in many European countries.

Articaine is a dental local anesthetic. Articaine is widely used around the world and is the most popular local anesthetic in many European countries.

Aspartame is a dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-aspartic acid with the amino group of methyl L-phenylalaninate. Commonly used as an artificial sweetener. It has a role as a sweetening agent, a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, an apoptosis inhibitor and an EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor. […]

Aspartame is a dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-aspartic acid with the amino group of methyl L-phenylalaninate. Commonly used as an artificial sweetener. It has a role as a sweetening agent, a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, an apoptosis inhibitor and an EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor. […]

Atenolol is a synthetic isopropylamino-propanol derivative used as an antihypertensive, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic Atenolol acts as a peripheral, cardioselective beta blocker specific for beta-1 adrenergic receptors, without intrinsic sympathomimetic effects. It reduces exercise heart rates and delays atrioventricular conduction, with overall oxygen requirements decreasing.

Atenolol is a synthetic isopropylamino-propanol derivative used as an antihypertensive, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic Atenolol acts as a peripheral, cardioselective beta blocker specific for beta-1 adrenergic receptors, without intrinsic sympathomimetic effects. It reduces exercise heart rates and delays atrioventricular conduction, with overall oxygen requirements decreasing.

Atenolol is a synthetic isopropylamino-propanol derivative used as an antihypertensive, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic Atenolol acts as a peripheral, cardioselective beta blocker specific for beta-1 adrenergic receptors, without intrinsic sympathomimetic effects. It reduces exercise heart rates and delays atrioventricular conduction, with overall oxygen requirements decreasing.

Atenolol is a synthetic isopropylamino-propanol derivative used as an antihypertensive, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic Atenolol acts as a peripheral, cardioselective beta blocker specific for beta-1 adrenergic receptors, without intrinsic sympathomimetic effects. It reduces exercise heart rates and delays atrioventricular conduction, with overall oxygen requirements decreasing.

Atrazine is a member of the widely used group of Triazine pesticides. It shows great solubility in water and long stability in soils. Due to its toxicity, Atrazine presents a persistent problem as a contaminant of water supplies and so requires careful monitoring and treatment. Persistence of Atrazine in soils may result in crop inhibition. […]

Atropine is a synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles.

Atropine is a synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles.

Atropine is a synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles.

Atropine is a synthetically-derived form of the endogenous alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation. This agent may induce tachycardia, inhibit secretions, and relax smooth muscles.

Indole-3-acetic acid, also known as IAA, is a hetero- cyclic compound that is a phytohormone called auxin. This colourless solid is native plant compound, potent and the most important auxin. The molecule is derived from indole, containing a carboxymethyl group (acetic acid).