CXCL5, also known as epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), is an 8 kDa proinflammatory member of the CXC chemokine family. Its Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif confers angiogenic properties and distinguishes it from ELR-CXC chemokines which are angiostatic. CXCL5 is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. It also can be detected in eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II interferon. In vivo, CXCL5 is elevated at sites of inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis where it promotes neutrophil infiltration and activation as well as angiogenesis. Its up-regulation contributes to increased vascularization, tumor growth, and metastasis in many cancers. CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity to sunburn pain in some subjects, and is a potential target which can be utilized to understand more about pain in other inflammatory conditions like arthritis and cystitis. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2.