Interleukin-36 Beta Human Recombinant Shipping: Synonyms Interleukin 36 beta, interleukin 1 family member 8, Interleukin-1 homolog 2, IL1F8 (Canonical product IL-1F8a), IL-1F8 (FIL1-eta), Interleukin-1 Superfamily, IL1H2, MGC126880, MGC126882. Introduction Human IL-36b belongs to the IL-1 family that includes IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-36ra (IL1F5), IL-36b (IL1F8), IL-36g (IL1F9), IL-37 (IL1F7) and IL-38 (IL-1F10). The IL-1 family members display a 12 b-strand, b-trefoil configuration, and are thought to have ascended from a mutual ancestral gene. IL-36 beta is known to be actively secreted. Cells expressing IL-36 beta include resting and activated monocytes and B cells. The receptor for IL-36 beta is a blend of IL-1 Rrp2 and IL-1 RAcP.

IL-36 gamma previously called IL-1F9, IL-1 epsilon (epsilon), and IL-1H1 is a member of the IL-1 family which includes IL1 beta, IL1 alpha, IL1ra, IL18, IL36 Ra (IL1F5), IL-36 alpha (IL1F6), IL36 beta (IL1F8), IL37 (IL1F7) and IL-1F10. All family members show a 12 beta strand, beta trefoil configuration, and are believed to have arisen from a common ancestral gene. IL36 gamma is an 1822 kDa, 169 aa intracellular and secreted protein that contains no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential Nlinked glycosylation sites. Human IL36 gamma (aa 18169) shares 58%, 59%, 68% and 69% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, bovine and equine IL36 gamma, respectively, and 2357% aa sequence identity with other family members. 134 aa isoform missing aa 1953 has been reported. Highest levels of IL36 gamma are produced by Langerhans cells, keratinocytes, and stomach Chief cells and parietal cells; these cells contribute to firstline defense against pathogens in the skin, lungs and digestive tract. Its expression is induced by LPS treatment of monocytes, and by IL alpha / beta, IL17 or TNF alpha treatment of keratinocytes and bronchial epithelia. Skin IL-36 gamma expression is increased in contact hypersensitivity and psoriasis. It is elevated in inflammatory disorders of the lung (such as asthma) and viral infections. Lung IL36 gamma and other IL36 proteins contribute to neutrophil influx. The receptor for IL-36 gamma is a combination of IL1 Rrp2, mainly found in epithelia and keratinocytes, and the widely expressed IL1 RAcP. IL36 alpha, beta and gamma all activate NFkappa B and MAPK pathways in an IL1 Rrp2 dependent manner, and IL36 gamma induces production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL8/IL8.

Human IL-36 alpha, previously called IL-1F6 and FIL1 epsilon (family of IL-1 member epsilon), is a member of the IL-1 family which includes IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, IL-1ra, IL-18, and novel family members IL-36 Ra (IL-1F5), IL-36 beta (IL-1F8), IL-36 gamma (IL-1F9), IL-37 (IL-1F7) and IL38 (IL1F10) . All family members show a 12 beta strand, beta -trefoil configuration, and are believed to have arisen from a common ancestral gene. IL-36 alpha is an 1822 kDa, 158 amino acid (aa) intracellular and secreted protein that contains no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential from Nlinked glycosylation sites. It can be released in response to LPS and the cell ATPinduced activation of the P2X7 receptor. A 120 aa isoform missing aa 138 has been reported. Human IL36 alpha (aa 6 158) shares 5768% aa sequence identity with mouse, rabbit, equine and bovine IL36 alpha and 2757% aa sequence identity with other novel IL1 family members. IL36 alpha is mainly found in skin and lymphoid tissues, but also in fetal brain, trachea, stomach and intestine . It is expressed by monocytes, B and T cells. The receptor for IL36 alpha is a combination of IL1 Rrp2 (also called IL1RL2 or IL1 R6), mainly found in epithelia and keratinocytes, and the widely expressed IL1 RAcP. IL-36 alpha, beta, and gamma all activate NF-kappa B and MAPK pathways in an IL1 Rrp2 dependent manner, and induce production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL8/IL-8. IL-36 alpha and other family members are overexpressed in psoriatic skin lesions, and transgenic overexpression of IL36 alpha in skin keratinocytes produces epidermal hyperplasia. IL-36 alpha is present in kidney tubule epithelia, and it is highly expressed in intubulointerstitial lesions in mouse models of chronic glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and diabetic nephritis.