(S)-(-)-Propranolol hydrochloride is a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist with log Kd?values of -8.16, -9.08, and -6.93 for β1, β2, and β3, respectively. (S)-(-)-Propranolol hydrochloride the active enantiomer of propranolol and can be s used for study of hypertension, pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[2].IC50 & Target: log Kd: -8.16 (β1-adrenergic receptor)log Kd: -9.08 (β2-adrenergic receptor)log Kd: -6.93 (β3-adrenergic receptor)