Cotinine is a chemical derived from the catabolism of nicotine, which is found in cigarette smoke. Since cotinine can be made only from nicotine, and since nicotine enters the body with cigarette smoke, cotinine measurements can show how much cigarette smoke enters the body in a given time. Cotinine itself is not harmful.

Levamisole is levamisole is a nicotinic receptor agonist used to treat helminth infections and some skin infections.

Flecainide is a potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, flecainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients.

Methadoneis a rigorously well-tested medication that is safe and efficacious for thetreatment of narcotic withdrawal and dependence. For more than 30 years thissynthetic narcotic has been used to treat opioid addiction. Heroin releasesan excess of dopamine in the body and causes users to need an opiatecontinuously occupying the opioid receptor in the brain. Methadone occupiesthis […]

Norsertraline is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is primarily used to treat major depression in adult outpatients as well as obsessive–compulsive, panic and social anxiety disorders in both adults and children.

Phenylpropanolamine also known as the stereoisomers norephedrine and norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which is used as a stimulant, decongestant, and anorectic agent. It is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. In veterinary medicine, it is used to control urinary incontinence in dogs under […]

Alpha-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell […]

Aminohydantoin is a heterocyclic compound that belongs to the family of tetrazoles. It is an important intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of drugs and is commonly used as a precursor for the preparation of thiazoles like sulfonamides. Aminohydantoin is also used as a pH indicator, described by its characteristic color change from clear […]

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid is an organic compound with the formula C₁₀H₇CH₂CO₂H. This colorless solid is soluble in organic solvents. It features a carboxylmethyl group linked to the “1-position” of naphthalene.

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid is an organic compound with the formula C₁₀H₇CH₂CO₂H. This colorless solid is soluble in organic solvents. It features a carboxylmethyl group linked to the “1-position” of naphthalene.

1,3-Butadiene is a simple conjugated diene. It is an important industrial chemical used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber.

Cadaverine is a foul-smelling diamine compound produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. Cadaverine is a toxic diamine with the formula NH2(CH2)5NH2, which is similar to putrescine. Cadaverine is also known by the names 1,5-pentanediamine and pentamethylenediamine.

11-Dehydrothromboxane is produced from the breakdown of?thromboxane A2. It is released by activated platelets and urine levels of 11-dehydro-TXB2 can be used to monitor the response to?aspirin?therapy when used to prevent heart disease?and in diseases where platelet activation is prominent.

11-Dehydrothromboxane is produced from the breakdown of?thromboxane A2. It is released by activated platelets and urine levels of 11-dehydro-TXB2 can be used to monitor the response to?aspirin?therapy when used to prevent heart disease?and in diseases where platelet activation is prominent.

11-Dehydrothromboxane B2 (or 11-dehydro-TXB2) is produced from the breakdown of thromboxane A2. It is released by activated platelets and urine levels of 11-dehydro-TXB2 can be used to monitor the response to aspirin therapy when used to prevent heart disease and in diseases where platelet activation is prominent.

11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or simply deoxycorticosterone, also known as 21-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as desoxycortone (INN), deoxycortone (BAN), and cortexone, is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone. It is an active (Na+-retaining) mineralocorticoid. As its names indicate, 11-deoxycorticosterone can be understood as the 21-hydroxy- […]

17α- Hydroxyprogesterone ( 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone , 17α-OHP ) , sometimes abbreviated as hydroxyprogesterone ( OHP ) is an endogenous progesterone – like steroid hormone, but also a precursor for the biosynthesis of many endogenous steroid hormones , including androgens , estrogens , glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids, as well as some neurosteroids .

17α- Hydroxyprogesterone ( 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone , 17α-OHP ) , sometimes abbreviated as hydroxyprogesterone ( OHP ) is an endogenous progesterone – like steroid hormone, but also a precursor for the biosynthesis of many endogenous steroid hormones , including androgens , estrogens , glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids, as well as some neurosteroids .

17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH progesterone or 17OHP) is a C-21 steroid hormone produced during the synthesis of glucocorticoids and sex steroids.

Progesterone also known as P4 (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestogens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestogen.

Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in mammals, reptiles, birds, and other vertebrates. In mammals, testosterone is secreted primarily by the testicles of males and the ovaries of females, although small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands. It is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic […]

Trenbolone is a steroid used by veterinarians on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite. To increase its effective half-life, trenbolone is not used in an unrefined form, but is rather administered as ester derivatives such as trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate, or trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate (Parabolan). Plasma lipases then cleave the ester group in the bloodstream […]